What Is Influenza?

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory virus that occurs seasonally and spreads easily from person to person. It can range from mild to severe illness and, in some cases, lead to serious complications or even death. Common flu symptoms include:

  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Body aches
  • Headache
  • Chills
  • Fatigue

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), up to 20% of Americans contract the flu each year, and more than 200,000 are hospitalized due to flu-related complications. Flu season typically begins in October and can last through May.

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Flu Vaccination Recommendations

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone aged 6 months and older. Getting vaccinated not only protects individuals from illness but also reduces the overall spread of the virus in the community, helping to safeguard those who are more vulnerable.

People at higher risk for serious flu-related complications include:

  • Adults aged 65 and older
  • Children under the age of 2
  • Individuals with weakened immune systems
  • Pregnant women
  • People with chronic conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or lung disease

Flu vaccinations are especially important for individuals in these high-risk groups.

Types of Flu Vaccinations

Each year, flu vaccines are updated to protect against the strains of influenza that research predicts will be most prevalent. The main types of flu vaccines include:

  • Flu shot: An inactivated vaccine administered by injection
  • Flu mist (nasal spray): A live, attenuated vaccine delivered via the nose

Not all individuals are eligible for both types of vaccines. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine which option is best based on health status, age, and other factors.

Risks and Side Effects of the Flu Vaccine

The flu vaccine does not cause the flu, and serious complications from vaccination are extremely rare. Most people experience no side effects. When side effects do occur, they are usually mild and short-lived, lasting only a day or two.

Common side effects may include:

  • Soreness or redness at the injection site
  • Mild body aches
  • Low-grade fever

In very rare cases, individuals may experience a severe allergic reaction. Anyone with a history of allergic responses to vaccines should speak with their doctor before receiving the flu shot.

Flu Vaccine Availability and Effectiveness

Flu shots are typically available beginning in September, ahead of the peak flu season. While the vaccine may not completely prevent the flu for everyone, it has been shown to reduce the severity of illness in those who do contract the virus, lowering the risk of complications and hospitalization.

By getting vaccinated annually, individuals contribute to a healthier community and reduce the strain on healthcare systems during flu season.