What Is Appendicitis?

Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch that extends from the colon on the lower right side of the abdomen. Although the appendix has no known essential function, its inflammation can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.

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Causes of Appendicitis

Appendicitis typically occurs due to obstruction or infection within the appendix. This blockage allows bacteria to multiply, leading to swelling, pus buildup, and increasing pressure. If left untreated, the appendix may rupture, potentially causing a serious abdominal infection known as peritonitis.

Symptoms of Appendicitis

Appendicitis symptoms can vary, but commonly include:

  • Pain that begins near the navel and shifts to the lower right abdomen
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Constipation or diarrhea
  • Abdominal swelling or bloating
  • Fever
  • Tenderness in the lower right abdomen
  • Pain that intensifies over time

Because appendicitis symptoms can mimic those of other medical conditions, timely evaluation is important.

Diagnosis of Appendicitis

Diagnosing appendicitis can be challenging, as abdominal pain may be caused by various conditions. To aid diagnosis, healthcare providers may use several tools and tests:

  • Physical examination to check for abdominal tenderness
  • Blood tests to detect signs of infection
  • Urinalysis to rule out urinary tract issues
  • Imaging tests, such as an X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan, to visualize the appendix and surrounding organs

Treatment of Appendicitis

The standard treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the inflamed appendix, a procedure known as an appendectomy. Since the appendix is not essential to bodily function, its removal causes no long-term health problems.

Surgical Options

  • Traditional (open) appendectomy: A single small incision is made in the lower right abdomen to remove the appendix.
  • Laparoscopic appendectomy: A minimally invasive procedure using 3–4 small incisions and a camera-guided instrument, often resulting in quicker recovery and less postoperative pain.

Prompt surgical treatment significantly reduces the risk of complications and leads to a full recovery in most cases.